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We prove that almost all random subsets of a finite vector space are weak Salem sets (small Fourier coefficient), which extend a result of Hayes to a different probability model.

In this study we tried to elucidate further the crossreactivity pattern and binding characteristics of human monoclonal IgM DJ which is an anti-DNA antibody and possesses Y7 natural idiotope.

We study analytic integrable deformations of the germ of a holomorphic foliation given by $df=0$ at the origin $0\in {\mathbb{C}}^n,n\ge 3$. We consider the case where f is a germ of an irreducible and reduced holomorphic function. Our central hypotheses is that, outside of a dimension $\le n\mathbf{-}3$ analytic subset $Y\subset X$, the analytic hypersurface $X_f:(f=0)$ has only normal crossings singularities. We then prove that, as germs, such deformations also exhibit a holomorphic first integral, depending analytically on the parameter of the deformation. This applies to the study of integrable germs writing as $\mathrm{\omega }=df\mathbf{+}f\mathrm{\eta }$ where f is quasi-homogeneous. Under the same hypotheses for $X_f:(f=0)$ we prove that ω also admits a holomorphic first integral. Finally, we conclude that an integrable germ $\mathrm{\omega }=adf\mathbf{+}f\mathrm{\eta }$ admits a holomorphic first integral provided that: (i) $X_f:(f=0)$ is irreducible with an isolated singularity at the origin $0\in {\mathbb{C}}^n,n\ge 3$; (ii) the algebraic multiplicities of ω and f at the origin satisfy $\mathrm{\nu }(\mathrm{\omega })=\mathrm{\nu }(df)$. In the case of an isolated singularity for $(f=0)$ the writing $\mathrm{\omega }=adf\mathbf{+}f\mathrm{\eta }$ is always assured so that we conclude the existence of a holomorphic first integral. Some questions related to Relative Cohomology are naturally considered and not all of them answered.

Cytokines such as interleukin-2(IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) are important mediators in immune responses against tumors. However, their therapeutic efficacy and clinical utilities in treatment of human malignancies are in large part limited due to the low concentrations of cytokine in tumors and the severe toxic side-effects derived from high-dose administration of cytokines. One critical issue to improve therapeutic efficacy is how to increase the local concentration of cytokine in tumors without causing severe side-effects. A series of recent reports demonstrated that the introduction of cytokine genes into tumor cells and subsequent local secretion can circumvent the limitations associated with the systemic cytokine administration. An alternative means of cytokine delivery is to target cytokines to tumor cells with tumor specific antibodies. Thereby, effective local cytokine concentrations can be achieved at the tumor sites without resorting to patient-specific therapy. With the advance in biotechnology, two structurally disparate domains of immunoglobulin and cytokine can be brought together into one fusion protein molecule by protein engineering These engineered antibody-cytokine fusion proteins combine ihe unique targeting ability of tumor-specific antibodies with the multifunctional activity of cytokines. In general, there are two commonly engineered fusion proteins, the F(ab′)tsub2/cytokine expressed in mammalian cells and the single-chain FV/cytokine expressed in Escherichia coli. Both the tumor-binding reactivity and the functional cytokine activity are maintained in most of fusion proteins. Therefore, these fusion proteins may be useful in targeting cytokine to tumors to stimulate immune destruction of tumors, while limiting severe toxic side-effects by the high dose of cytokine administration. Recent preclinical studies have shown that these fusion proteins are able to target cytokines to tumors expressing the tumor-associated antigen in vivo, and to inhibit both the primary and metastatic tumors in an immune competent animal model. Therefore. these recombinant fusion proteins may represent a new generation of novel immunotherapeutic reagents for the treatment of human malignant diseases.

We study the classes of modules which are generated by a silting module. In the case of either hereditary or perfect rings, it is proved that these are exactly the torsion T such that the regular module has a special T-preenvelope. In particular, every torsion-enveloping class in $\mathrm{Mod}\text{-}R$ are of the form $\mathrm{Gen}(T)$ for a minimal silting module T. For the dual case, we obtain for general rings that the covering torsion-free classes of modules are exactly the classes of the form $\mathrm{Cogen}(T)$, where T is a cosilting module.

Cocktails of human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) have been used to increase the likelihood of identifying heterogeneous cancer cells. We utilized 3 HuMAbs termed SK-1, GM4, and GMA1, which recognized a 42–46kDa two chain structure, a 57kDa antigen, and the ganglioside GD3, respectively. An estimated two dozen cell lines were tested for the coexpression of these antigens and this was found to be present only on pancreatic carcinoma cell line, PANC-1; A 24 hr treatment of PANC-1 cells with interferon gamma (IFNγ; 100 units), interferon beta (IFNβ; 1000 units), as well as interferon alpha (IFNα; 1000 units) resulted in roughly a four fold increase in the co-expression of the 42–46 kDa/GD3 antigens as well as the 42–46 kDa/ 57 kDa antigens. After a 4 day incubation the co-expression of these antigens progressed and IFN α treatment had the most pronounced effect, which was 8 fold higher than background for the 42–46kDa/57kDa antigens, whereas IFN β resulted in a five fold antigen upregulation. The pronounced effect of vinblastine on the co-expression of the 42–46 kDa/GD3 antigens (4 fold on day 1 and , 10 fold on day 4) and 42–46 kDa/57kDa antigens on PANC-1 (5 fold on day 1 and 7 fold over background on day 4) cells can be seen at concentrations as low as 10^-7M. Colchicine and vincristine dramatically enhanced co-expression of these tumor antigens on day 4 but not on day 1 PANC-1cells. The expression of these antigens was also found to be cell cycle dependent.

Quick Mathematics

It is known that if the special automorphism group $SAut(X)$ of a quasiaffine variety X of dimension at least 2 acts transitively on X, then this action is infinitely transitive. In this paper we question whether this is the only possibility for the automorphism group $Aut(X)$ to act infinitely transitively on X. We show that this is the case, provided X admits a nontrivial ${\mathbb{G}}_a$- or ${\mathbb{G}}_m$-action. Moreover, 2-transitivity of the automorphism group implies infinite transitivity.

IL-11, a less identified cytokine, possesses some overlapping functions with IL-6 that are able to facilitate the growth and antibody secretion of B lymphocyte hybridomas. In this report, a DNA fragment encoding human IL-11 was transduced into fusion partners (mouse myelomas Ag8.653 and SP2/0, and human lymphoblastoid cell line HF2) mediated by lipofection. The transfected cells selected with G418 secreted IL-11 constitutively over the range of 32.4±10.5units/ml to 76.6±18.4units/ml, which could be inhibited by an IL-11 neutralizing MAb up to 80%. doubled, while that of LCLs displayed a 2.4- or 3.3- fold increase, when fused with the transfected fusion partners, respectively. The derived hybridomas from IL-11 secreting fusion partner secreted 3 or 4 times as many immunoglobulins as that from its ancestor. Our data indicate that IL-11 gene transfected fusion partners are improved cell lines for generation of human B lymphocyte hybridomas, and IL-11 may contribute to the increased fusion frequency and antibody secretion of B lymphocyte hybridomas.

At the phase of 13th five-year plan in China, natural gas will play an important role in energy revolution. With the growth of consumption, natural gas infrastructures will become hot spots of future investment and pipeline network construction will also usher in a period of rapid development. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study layout methods of transport pipeline network. This paper takes natural gas transport pipeline network as a research object, introduces dominance degree to analyse benefits of pipeline projects. Then, this paper proposes Dominance Degree Model (DDM) of transport pipeline projects based on Potential Model (PM) and Economic Potential Theory (EPT). According to DDM of gas transport pipeline projects, layout methods of pipeline network are put forward, which is simple and easy to obtain the overall optimal solution and ensure maximum comprehensive benefits. What’s more, construction sequences of gas transport pipeline projects can be also determined. Finally, the model is applied to a real case of natural gas transport pipeline projects in Zhejiang Province, China. The calculation results suggest that the model should deal with the transport pipeline network layout problem well, which have important implications for other potential pipeline networks not only in the Zhejiang Province but also throughout China and beyond.